HIVAIDS, also known as human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, refers to a devastating medical condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is an advanced stage of infection by HIV, where the virus severely damages the immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to various infections and diseases.
HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, and rectal fluids, primarily through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Once inside the body, HIV targets and attacks the CD4 cells (also known as T cells), which play a crucial role in the immune response. Over time, as HIV replicates and damages the CD4 cells, the immune system becomes increasingly compromised, leading to the development of AIDS.
AIDS, the final stage of HIV infection, is characterized by a significant decrease in CD4 cell count, resulting in a weakened immune system. This makes individuals particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections, certain cancers, and other life-threatening conditions. The progression from HIV infection to AIDS is variable and can take several years without treatment.
While HIV/AIDS remains a global health crisis, significant medical advancements have been made in the prevention and treatment of the disease, such as antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART helps slow the progression of HIV, preserve immune function, and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others. Prevention methods, including safe sex practices, needle exchange programs, and educational initiatives, are essential in combating the spread of HIV and reducing the impact of AIDS on affected individuals and communities.
