A hierarchical classification system is a method of organizing and categorizing objects or concepts into a structured hierarchy or taxonomic tree based on their similarities and differences. This system enables the classification of various entities into groups or categories that are arranged in a descending order of inclusiveness.
In this classification system, the objects or concepts are divided into levels or tiers, with each level representing a different degree of specificity or generality. The highest or broadest category is placed at the top of the hierarchy, while the most specific or detailed categories are located at the lower levels. Each level provides a subset of categories that are more specific than the previous level.
The hierarchical classification system employs the principle of hierarchical relationship, wherein each category is a subset of a higher-level category. This system allows for the representation of a complex structure, where objects or concepts belonging to the same group share common characteristics, while they differ from objects or concepts in other groups.
This system is widely used in various disciplines, including biology, taxonomy, library science, and information technology. For example, in biology, species are classified hierarchically into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. In library science or information systems, the Dewey Decimal Classification system exemplifies a hierarchical classification system, classifying books and other resources into broad categories like science, technology, literature, and then breaking them down into more specific categories. Overall, a hierarchical classification system provides a systematic means of sorting and organizing entities based on their similarities and differences, facilitating efficient information retrieval and analysis.
