Hepatitis D virus (HDV), also known as Delta Virus, is a small infectious agent that affects the liver and causes hepatitis D. It is classified within the genus Deltavirus, belonging to the family of viruses called the Hepadnaviridae. HDV is a unique and peculiar virus that can only infect individuals who are already infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The presence of HBV is crucial for HDV replication and survival.
Transmission of HDV occurs through direct contact with infected blood, unprotected sexual intercourse, or from an infected mother to her child during childbirth. HDV infection can be either co-infection, when it occurs simultaneously with HBV infection, or superinfection, when HDV infects an individual who already has chronic HBV infection.
HDV infection can cause a more severe form of liver disease compared to HBV infection alone. It can lead to a range of clinical symptoms, including fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, it can progress to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or even liver failure. Individuals infected with HDV should be carefully monitored and receive appropriate medical treatment.
Prevention of HDV infection involves preventing HBV infection, as HDV relies on HBV for its propagation. Vaccination against HBV is crucial to reducing the risk of HDV infection. Additionally, practicing safe sex, using sterile needles, and ensuring the safety of blood products also helps prevent transmission of HDV.
