HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION Meaning and
Definition
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Hellenistic civilization refers to the period of ancient Greek cultural influence and the expansion of Greek language, literature, art, and architecture in the regions that came under the rule of Alexander the Great and his successors. Spanning from the death of Alexander in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, the Hellenistic period witnessed significant changes in political, social, and economic structures.
During this time, Greek culture blended with the indigenous cultures of Egypt, Persia, India, and other regions, resulting in a unique fusion of ideas, beliefs, and practices. Hellenistic kingdoms were characterized by cosmopolitan cities, extensive trade, and a vibrant intellectual climate. Greek became the lingua franca of the eastern Mediterranean and central Asia, and the influence of Greek art and philosophy spread far beyond its original homeland.
Important figures emerged during this period, such as the mathematician Euclid, the philosopher Epicurus, and the astronomer Hipparchus. Major centers of learning and scholarship were established, including the famous library at Alexandria, which housed a vast collection of ancient texts.
The legacy of the Hellenistic civilization can be seen in various fields, particularly in art and architecture, where new styles and techniques emerged, such as the Corinthian order in architecture, and the realistic portrayal of emotions in sculpture. Hellenistic philosophy also made significant contributions, with the development of schools like Stoicism and Epicureanism.
Overall, the Hellenistic civilization marked a crucial transitional phase between the classical Greek era and the subsequent Roman Empire, leaving an indelible impact on the cultures of the ancient world.
Etymology of HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION
The word "Hellenistic" is derived from the Greek term "Hellēnistikos", which translates to "Greek-like" or "following Greek customs". It is formed by combining the word "Hellēn" (Greek) with the suffix "-istēs" (one who does or practices something).
The Hellenistic period refers to the period of ancient Greek history and culture from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the annexation of Egypt by Rome in 30 BCE. During this time, Greek culture and influence spread across the territories conquered by Alexander, resulting in the synthesis of Greek and local customs, traditions, and languages. This amalgamation of Greek and non-Greek elements is what characterizes the Hellenistic civilization.
