The spelling of the word "hardens" is based on its pronunciation. In IPA phonetic transcription, it is /ˈhɑːrd(ə)nz/. The first syllable, "hard", is pronounced with a long "a" sound /ɑː/, followed by the letter "r" which signifies its pronunciation as a rhotic vowel in some accents. The second syllable, "-ens", is pronounced with the short "e" sound /ə/, followed by the letter "n" and the plural marker "-s". Overall, "hardens" is spelled phonetically to accurately represent its pronunciation.
The verb "hardens" refers to the process of becoming or making something more rigid, firm, or inflexible. It involves the transformation of a substance or material, both physically and metaphorically, to become harder or less malleable. When something hardens, it typically acquires a more solid or toughened state.
In terms of physical properties, the solidification or cooling of a liquid, such as concrete or molten metal, can result in hardening. This can make the material stronger and more resistant to external forces. Hardening can also occur due to exposure to extreme temperatures or prolonged drying, causing a softer substance to become solid or stiff.
Metaphorically, the term "hardens" can describe the process of becoming less sensitive, empathetic, or emotionally vulnerable. It reflects the development of emotional resilience or a toughened demeanor in response to difficult or harsh experiences. An individual's attitudes, beliefs, or behavior may become more unyielding or resistant to change, often as a defense mechanism or coping strategy. This emotional hardening may manifest in relationships, where someone becomes less open or receptive.
Overall, whether referring to physical or emotional changes, the term "hardens" conveys the idea of a solidification process, resulting in increased resistance, rigidity, or fortification.
The word "hardens" is derived from the base word "hard", which comes from the Old English word "heard". The Old English "heard" eventually evolved into the Middle English "hard", and its meaning remained similar, referring to something firm, solid, difficult to break, or resistant to pressure. The addition of the suffix "-en" to "hard" forms the verb "harden", indicating the act of making something hard or becoming hard itself.