Hantavirus is a type of virus belonging to the family Hantaviridae, which primarily affects rodents. It is named after the Hantan River in South Korea, where the virus was first identified in 1978. Hantaviruses are known to cause severe respiratory illnesses, some of which can be fatal, in humans.
The virus is mainly transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contact with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. This can occur through inhalation of aerosolized particles from contaminated materials, such as dust from rodent-infested areas or handling of infected rodents. In rare cases, person-to-person transmission has been reported, usually through close contact with an infected individual.
Hantavirus infections can manifest in various ways, depending on the specific strain of the virus. The symptoms typically begin with flu-like symptoms, such as fever, muscle aches, headaches, and fatigue. As the infection progresses, it can lead to more severe respiratory problems, including shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in the lungs. Some strains of hantavirus can also cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which affects the kidneys and can result in kidney failure.
Preventing hantavirus infection involves taking precautions to avoid contact with rodents or their excreta, maintaining cleanliness in rodent-prone areas, and minimizing exposure to potentially contaminated materials. Medical treatment for hantavirus infections primarily focuses on supportive care, including respiratory assistance and fluid management. The prognosis depends on various factors, such as the specific strain of the virus, the individual's overall health, and the timeliness of medical intervention.
