Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndromes (HPS) is a severe and potentially fatal respiratory illness caused by hantaviruses. It is a group of infectious diseases transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents or their droppings, urine, or saliva. HPS was first recognized in the United States in 1993, and it primarily occurs in North and South America.
The main characteristic of HPS is its rapid progression, leading to acute respiratory distress and, in many cases, death. Initial symptoms may resemble those of the flu, such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and headaches. As the disease progresses, patients may experience cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing due to fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Hantaviruses are usually hosted by specific rodent species, such as deer mice, cotton rats, and rice rats, without causing symptoms in the animal. Humans can contract HPS by inhaling virus particles present in the air contaminated with rodent urine, feces, or saliva, or by direct contact with infected rodents or their secretions. The illness is not transmitted from person to person.
While there is no specific treatment for HPS, early diagnosis and medical care can improve survival rates. Supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy and careful fluid management, can help alleviate symptoms and maintain vital functions. Preventive measures mainly involve avoiding contact with rodents and their nesting materials, ensuring proper sanitation, and taking precautions when cleaning or working in areas where rodents may be present.
