The word "hadst borrowed" is an archaic form of the phrase "had borrowed". It is pronounced /ˈhædst ˈbɔːrəʊd/ and is written with a contraction of "had" (represented by the -st ending) and the past participle of "borrow" (borrowed). This structure was used in old English to form the past perfect tense, indicating an action that had been completed before another past event. Today, its use is primarily restricted to historical or literary writing.
"Hadst borrowed" is a phrase derived from archaic English and comprises two parts: "hadst" and "borrowed."
The term "hadst" is the second person singular past tense form of the verb "to have" combined with the suffix "-st," which indicates that it is used to address a singular subject. The word "had" conveys the possession or ownership of something in the past tense. When combined with the "-st" suffix, it specifically implies that the subject being addressed is singular. Hence, "hadst" refers to "you had" or "you possessed" in older English language usage.
The word "borrowed" is the past tense form of the verb "to borrow." It signifies the action of taking or obtaining something temporarily, with the intention of returning it later. When someone borrows an item, they use or possess it for a period but do not claim permanent ownership.
Therefore, "hadst borrowed" suggests that the subject being addressed, in the second person singular form, possessed or obtained something in the past by borrowing it from someone else. The phrase emphasizes that the borrowing had already taken place, reflecting a completed action in the past relative to the context in which it is mentioned.
The word "hadst" is a contraction of "had" and "thou", which are both archaic English pronouns. "Had" is the past tense of the verb "have", and "thou" was the informal second-person singular pronoun in older forms of English.
The word "borrowed" comes from the Middle English word "borwen", which in turn derived from Old English "borgian". Both of these words meant "to borrow" or "to lend".