Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are a type of rare and potentially malign ovarian neoplasm that arise from the granulosa cells of the ovary. Granulosa cells are hormone-producing cells located in the follicles of the ovary, which play a crucial role in the functioning and regulation of the female reproductive system.
GCTs can occur at any age but are more commonly found in women of reproductive age, particularly those in their 40s and 50s. These tumors are generally classified into two subtypes: adult and juvenile. Adult GCTs are the most common and tend to be slow-growing, while juvenile GCTs are rare and typically aggressive.
Symptoms of granulosa cell tumors may include menstrual irregularities, pelvic pain or discomfort, abdominal bloating, and the presence of a pelvic mass. However, some cases may be asymptomatic and only discovered incidentally during routine gynecological exams or imaging studies.
Diagnosis of GCTs involves a combination of imaging techniques such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scans, along with blood tests to evaluate hormone levels. The definitive diagnosis is established through surgical removal of the tumor and subsequent pathological examination.
Treatment options for granulosa cell tumors usually involve surgical removal of the tumor, which may include the removal of the ovary or the entire reproductive system depending on the extent and characteristics of the tumor. Furthermore, additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be administered based on the tumor's stage and aggressiveness.
Prognosis for granulosa cell tumors is relatively favorable, particularly for adult GCTs, as they tend to be slow-growing and have a higher likelihood of being diagnosed at an early stage. However, close monitoring, regular follow
