The Government of India refers to the political structure, administration, and governing institutions responsible for the overall management and governance of the country. As a federal parliamentary democratic republic, India's government is characterized by a unique system blending elements of federalism and parliamentary democracy.
The Government of India comprises three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. At the executive level, the President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the Prime Minister holds real executive power. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college, whereas the Prime Minister is the leader of the ruling party or coalition and is appointed by the President. The executive branch is supported by various ministries and departments that oversee specific functions and handle policy implementation.
The legislative branch consists of the Parliament of India, which is a bicameral institution composed of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The members of the Parliament are elected through a general election system, where the Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people, while Rajya Sabha members are elected by the members of State Legislative Assemblies. The Parliament is responsible for enacting laws and monitoring the government's actions.
The judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court of India, ensures the interpretation and protection of the constitution. It acts as the final authority in legal matters and has the power of judicial review. The judiciary plays a vital role in safeguarding individual rights, resolving disputes, and maintaining the rule of law.
The Government of India is vested with powers and responsibilities to address the social, economic, and political needs of its diverse population by formulating and implementing policies, regulations, and laws. Its primary goals include promoting social welfare, economic development, national security, and maintaining harmony among various states and communities within the country.
