GMO, acronym for Genetically Modified Organism, refers to a living organism that has been altered or modified through the process of genetic engineering. It involves manipulating an organism's DNA, the genetic material that controls its characteristics, to introduce specific traits or characteristics that are not naturally occurring in that organism.
Genetic modification can be carried out for various purposes, including enhancing crop yield and nutritional content, improving resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, and prolonging product shelf life. This technology allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another, even between different species that would not naturally exchange genetic material.
GMOs are created by inserting the desired genes or genetic material into the target organism's genome, resulting in the expression of new traits or characteristics. This is done through various techniques, such as gene splicing or gene editing. Common examples of GMOs include genetically modified crops like corn, soybeans, and cotton, as well as genetically modified animals like salmon.
Debate surrounds GMOs due to concerns about potential risks to human health and the environment. Some argue that GMOs can offer benefits in terms of increased food production and nutritional value, while others express concerns about potential allergenicity, the development of resistance in pests, or unintended ecological effects. Regulatory bodies in different countries closely monitor and assess the safety of GMOs before approving their commercial release.
