Glutition, also known as deglutition, is a complex process involving the voluntary and involuntary movement of muscles to swallow food and liquids. It is the act of propelling substances from the mouth to the stomach via the esophagus. The term is derived from the Latin word "gluttire," meaning "to swallow greedily or in large quantities."
During glutition, various structures and muscles collaborate to ensure that food or liquid is safely transported through the digestive system. The process begins voluntarily, as a person initiates a swallow, but quickly becomes involuntary as reflexes take over.
Several stages constitute the process of glutition. First, the food or liquid is gathered by the tongue and moved toward the back of the oral cavity. Then, the pharynx contracts to prevent substances from entering the nasal passages, while the epiglottis closes off the windpipe to prevent aspiration. Next, the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the substance to enter the esophagus, which contracts in a wave-like motion called peristalsis, propelling the material toward the stomach. Finally, the lower esophageal sphincter opens, permitting the entry of the substance into the stomach, and then closes to prevent acid reflux.
In summary, glutition is the complex process of swallowing, involving a series of voluntary and involuntary muscle movements in order to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.
