Gleization is a process that occurs in wet and poorly drained soils, characterized by the accumulation and enrichment of iron and aluminum compounds. This process occurs primarily in cold and wet climates, where water saturation is prevalent for extended periods. The term "gleization" is derived from the Russian word "glye", meaning "clayey", as it is commonly observed in clayey soils.
During gleization, the reducing environment in the soil inhibits the oxidation of iron and aluminum, leading to their accumulation. This results in a bluish-gray or bluish-green discoloration of the soil known as gleying. Gleyed soils often exhibit a mottled appearance, with alternating patches of gray and reddish-brown colors caused by the varying degrees of oxidation.
The accumulation of iron and aluminum compounds in gleization affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil. It leads to poor aeration and drainage, as the iron and aluminum compounds act as cement, increasing soil cohesion. Additionally, gleization can result in the development of hardpans or impervious layers, further exacerbating the drainage issues.
In terms of ecological implications, gleization can affect plant growth and nutrient availability. The waterlogged conditions restrict the oxygen supply to plant roots, which can negatively impact their growth and survival. Furthermore, the accumulation of toxic compounds, such as iron sulfides, can inhibit microbial activity and affect nutrient cycling processes in the soil.
Overall, gleization is a natural soil-forming process associated with poorly drained and waterlogged environments, characterized by the accumulation of iron and aluminum compounds, leading to distinctive soil coloring and altered soil properties.
