Ghrelin is a hormone that is primarily produced in the stomach. It functions as a key regulator of appetite and feeding behavior in humans and other mammals. The word "ghrelin" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "ghre," meaning "to grow." This is reflective of its role in stimulating hunger and promoting food intake.
Secreted by specialized cells in the lining of the stomach, ghrelin acts as a hunger signaling molecule, triggering feelings of hunger and initiating food-seeking behavior. The hormone binds to receptors in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain involved in regulating appetite and satiety. Once bound, ghrelin stimulates the release of neuropeptides that stimulate appetite, enhance gastric motility, and promote the growth of adipose tissue.
Moreover, ghrelin has been found to have other physiological effects beyond its role in regulating appetite. It plays a role in influencing gastrointestinal function, glucose metabolism, and the regulation of body weight. Research has also suggested that ghrelin may have effects on mood regulation, sleep, and reward-related behavior.
In summary, ghrelin is a hormone primarily produced in the stomach that acts as a hunger signaling molecule. Its function is to stimulate appetite and control feeding behavior, making it a crucial regulator of energy balance in the body.
