Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious and pathogenic bacterium, known to cause a severe infectious disease called tularemia. This bacterium is classified under the family Francisellaceae and is a gram-negative coccobacillus, characterized by its thin, pleomorphic shape.
Tularemia, also referred to as rabbit fever or deer fly fever, is typically transmitted to humans through various means such as tick bites, contact with infected animal tissues, inhalation of contaminated particles, or ingestion of contaminated water. The disease is also known to affect a wide range of animals, including mammals, birds, and insects.
Symptoms of tularemia can vary depending on the mode of transmission, but often include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. In severe cases, it can lead to pneumonia or other organ-specific diseases. If left untreated, tularemia can be life-threatening.
Francisella tularensis is highly virulent, meaning it can cause severe diseases even with minimal exposure. Due to its potential as a bioweapon, the bacterium is categorized as a select agent by various national and international health agencies. Its ability to be aerosolized and its high morbidity and mortality rates make it of significant concern to public health.
To diagnose tularemia, laboratory testing is necessary, such as blood cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, or serological tests. Antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, or tetracycline are commonly used for treatment, and prompt diagnosis and early initiation of therapy are crucial for patient recovery.
In summary, Francisella tularensis is a highly contagious bacterium that causes tularemia, a potentially severe and life-threatening infectious disease
