Formalism is a philosophical and aesthetic framework that emphasizes the physical aspects and formal elements of a particular subject. It is a school of thought that prioritizes the structural aspects, rules, and techniques of art, literature, mathematics, or any other discipline. The term "form" in formalism pertains to the shape, composition, organization, and inherent properties of an object or idea.
In the realm of art, formalism focuses on the formal qualities of a work rather than its content or emotional expression. It highlights elements like line, color, balance, symmetry, texture, and composition, emphasizing their arrangement and impact on the viewer's perception and interpretation. Formalist literature analysis, on the other hand, revolves around the conventions employed by the author, including narrative structure, language use, and literary devices, disregarding contextual, historical, or social aspects.
In a broader context, formalism can be applied to various disciplines. In mathematics, for instance, it involves the study of abstract forms and the logical relationships between them. In philosophy, formalism refers to the viewpoint that concepts and truths can be established through formal rules of reasoning, detached from empirical evidence or subjective experiences.
While formalism often draws criticism for prioritizing the surface-level aspects and neglecting content or context, it has played a significant role in shaping and understanding various disciplines. By focusing on the formal qualities, formalism aims to provide a systematic approach to appreciate, analyze, and interpret different subjects, allowing for a deeper understanding of their intrinsic nature.
