Foreign Body Type Giant Cells are specialized cells that form in response to the presence of foreign substances or objects in the body. These giant cells are formed by the fusion of multiple individual cells, primarily macrophages, which are immune cells responsible for engulfing and removing foreign substances.
When a foreign body, such as a splinter, implant, or even some types of bacteria, enters the body, macrophages will surround and try to engulf it as part of the body's defense mechanisms. However, in certain cases, the foreign object may be too large or resistant for complete removal. In such cases, the macrophages fuse together to form foreign body type giant cells which can help encapsulate and isolate the foreign material.
These giant cells are characterized by their large size, typically greater than 100 micrometers in diameter, and their irregular shape with multiple nuclei. They have abundant cytoplasm containing various organelles and cytoskeletal elements, which allows them to maintain their stability and perform their functions.
Foreign body type giant cells play a crucial role in the body's response to foreign objects by facilitating their immobilization and sequestration. They can also initiate an inflammatory response to further assist in the removal process. However, in some situations, these giant cells may contribute to the formation of granulomas, which are localized collections of immune cells and connective tissue that surround the foreign material.
