Foreign Body Giant Cells (FBGCs) are large, multinucleated cells that form in response to the presence of foreign substances within the body. These substances can include biomaterials, implants, and particles such as metals, plastics, or suture materials.
FBGCs are a type of immune cell known as macrophages, which play a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens. However, when foreign materials enter the body, macrophages may fuse together, forming FBGCs. This fusion allows them to encapsulate and surround the foreign body, isolating it from healthy tissues.
The formation of FBGCs is a complex process involving the release of inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of the foreign body. These giant cells are characterized by their large size, ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers in diameter, and their multiple nuclei.
FBGCs are primarily involved in the foreign body reaction, a response of the immune system to foreign material. They help to degrade and eliminate the foreign body by releasing enzymes and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, they can also play a role in tissue repair and remodeling by releasing growth factors and cytokines.
The presence of FBGCs around foreign bodies is a common histopathological finding, particularly in cases where the foreign material cannot be fully biodegraded or removed by the body. The formation of these giant cells is an essential part of the body's defense mechanism against foreign substances and is integral to the foreign body reaction.
