A follicular dendritic cell, also known as FDC, is a specialized immune cell found primarily in the secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes and spleen. These cells play a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of germinal centers within lymphoid tissues.
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct subset of dendritic cells and differ in origin and function from other types of dendritic cells. They are derived from stromal cells and reside in the B cell follicles of lymphoid tissues. These cells possess long, branching, dendritic-like extensions that project into the follicular space. The extensions are lined with an extensive network of cell surface protrusions called dendrites, which interact with the surrounding lymphocytes.
The primary function of follicular dendritic cells is to trap and display antigens to B cells in the germinal center. They are uniquely equipped to capture and retain antigens on their dendritic extensions, forming a reservoir of antigens that can persist for extended periods. This interaction between FDCs and B cells promotes antibody production and subsequent immune responses.
Furthermore, follicular dendritic cells secrete chemokines and cytokines that contribute to the organization and regulation of the germinal center microenvironment. They act as important mediators of B cell activation, survival, differentiation, and selection processes.
In summary, follicular dendritic cells are specialized immune cells found in lymphoid tissues that play a crucial role in antigen presentation, maintaining germinal centers, and supporting the production of antibodies.
