Fluoroquinolone anti-infective agents, also known as fluoroquinolones, are a class of synthetic antibiotics used to treat various types of infections caused by bacteria. These drugs are derived from the chemical compound quinoline and contain a fluorine atom, which enhances their antimicrobial activity. Fluoroquinolones work by inhibiting the action of bacterial enzymes called DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, hampering the ability of the bacteria to replicate and causing their eventual death.
These agents are highly effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including both gram-negative and gram-positive strains. They are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory infections (such as pneumonia and bronchitis), skin and soft tissue infections, and certain sexually transmitted diseases, among others. Some fluoroquinolones can also be used in the prevention of anthrax infection.
While generally regarded as safe and well-tolerated, fluoroquinolones are associated with a range of potential side effects. These may include gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as central nervous system effects such as headache and dizziness. More serious adverse reactions, although rare, may also occur and can involve tendons, muscles, and nerves.
Due to the emergence of bacterial resistance, the use of fluoroquinolone anti-infective agents is becoming more closely monitored. Healthcare professionals now consider risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility, and alternative treatment options before prescribing them. Additionally, due to safety concerns, certain fluoroquinolones have been restricted or withdrawn from the market.
