Floppy mitral valves, also known as mitral valve prolapse (MVP), is a cardiac condition characterized by an abnormality in the structure or function of the mitral valve of the heart. The mitral valve is composed of two leaflets that help regulate blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle.
In floppy mitral valves, these leaflets are typically enlarged and thickness may be reduced, resulting in decreased structural integrity and elasticity. As a consequence, the valve fails to close properly during ventricular systole, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium, known as mitral regurgitation. This regurgitation can lead to various symptoms and complications related to the heart.
Common symptoms associated with floppy mitral valves include chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations. In some cases, individuals may be asymptomatic and the condition is incidentally detected during routine check-ups or diagnostic tests.
Floppy mitral valves can be caused by genetic factors or other connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome. Other causes may include degenerative changes associated with aging, cardiac muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), or rheumatic heart disease.
Diagnosis of floppy mitral valves is often made using echocardiography, which reveals abnormalities in the structure and function of the mitral valve. Treatment typically involves close monitoring of symptoms and regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist. Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or prevent complications, and in severe cases, surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve may be necessary.
