File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files over a TCP/IP network. It is a client-server protocol in which a client can connect to a server to access, receive and upload files. FTP enables the transfer of various types of files, such as text, images, audio, and video files, between computers connected on a network.
The FTP process involves two key components: the client and the server. The client program, typically a File Transfer Protocol client, initiates the connection to the server. The server program, which is typically an FTP server, receives the connection and allows the client to perform various file operations.
FTP operates on the client-server model, utilizing a set of commands and responses to facilitate file transfers. The client can connect to the server using either anonymous or authenticated credentials, depending on the server configuration. Once connected, the client can navigate through directories, list files, download files from the server to the client's own machine, and upload files from the client to the server.
FTP supports both active and passive modes of file transfer, providing flexibility based on network requirements. Active mode establishes a connection from the server back to the client for data transfers, while passive mode uses a random, high-numbered port on the server for data transfers.
Overall, FTP has been widely used for file transfers over the internet, facilitating efficient and reliable exchange of data between remote computers.
