Filaria sanguinis hominis is a medical term used to describe a parasitic infection caused by a type of nematode worm called Wuchereria bancrofti. This condition, commonly known as filariasis or lymphatic filariasis, primarily affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for maintaining immune function and fluid balance in the body. Filaria sanguinis hominis is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, which carry the immature forms of the parasite known as microfilariae.
Once inside the human host, the microfilariae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and grow into adult worms over several months. These adult worms can reach several inches in length and live in the lymphatic vessels, predominantly in the lower extremities and genital regions. They cause damage to the lymphatic system, leading to inflammation, obstruction, and the build-up of fluid, resulting in conditions such as lymphedema (swelling) and hydrocele (accumulation of fluid in the scrotum).
Symptoms of filaria sanguinis hominis infection may include swelling of the legs, genitalia, or breasts, fever, chills, and involvement of other organs such as the kidneys and the lungs. Diagnosis is typically made by examining blood samples under a microscope, where the presence of microfilariae can be identified.
Treatment for filaria sanguinis hominis usually involves medications such as diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin, which kill the adult worms and microfilariae. Preventive measures include the use of insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and mosquito control programs to reduce the spread of the infection.
