Filaria oculi humani, also known as ocular filariasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the infection of the eyes with filarial worms. It is a relatively rare condition and is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease is caused by two types of filarial worms: Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus.
Loa loa, commonly known as the eye worm or African eyeworm, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected flies, specifically the species Chrysops. Onchocerca volvulus, on the other hand, is transmitted through the bite of infected blackflies, belonging to the genus Simulium.
Once inside the human body, the filarial worms migrate and reside in the subcutaneous tissues, including the conjunctiva and the eyelids. The presence of these worms can lead to various symptoms, including inflammation in the eyes, conjunctivitis, itching, swelling, and sometimes impaired vision.
The diagnosis of filaria oculi humani is usually made through direct visualization of the worms in the conjunctiva or by detecting microfilariae in a blood sample. Treatment involves the administration of antiparasitic medications, such as ivermectin or albendazole, to eliminate the worms. In some cases, surgical removal may be necessary if the worms cause severe damage to the eyes.
Prevention of filaria oculi humani involves avoiding exposure to flies, using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and staying in well-screened areas. Additionally, efforts to control the population of the transmitting insects, such as through insecticide spraying or the use of bed nets, can help reduce the risk of infection.
