Fertilizer is a substance or combination of substances that is applied to soil, plants, or crops in order to supply essential nutrients and promote their growth and development. It is primarily used in agriculture and gardening as a means of enriching soil with elements that are necessary for optimal plant growth.
Fertilizers are typically classified into two main categories: organic and inorganic. Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources such as animal manure, compost, and plant residues. They contain a wide range of nutrients and promote long-term soil health, as they release nutrients slowly over time. Inorganic fertilizers, on the other hand, are manufactured through chemical processes and comprise of synthetic compounds. They usually provide specific nutrients in concentrated forms and have a faster release rate, which enables quick plant absorption.
The main nutrients supplied by fertilizers include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, often referred to as NPK. These nutrients are essential for plant growth and play key roles in various physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, root development, and flower and fruit formation. In addition to NPK, fertilizers may also contain secondary and micronutrients, including calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, which are required in smaller quantities by plants.
Fertilizers can be applied in different ways, including by broadcasting onto the soil surface, injection into the soil, or foliar spraying on plant foliage. The application rates and timing of fertilizers depend on factors such as soil conditions, crop type, and specific nutrient requirements. Sustainable and responsible use of fertilizers is crucial to prevent soil degradation, minimize nutrient runoff into water bodies, and ensure the overall environmental sustainability of agricultural practices.
