Familial Periodic Paralyses (FPP) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a mutation in a single copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. FPP is caused by mutations in genes that affect the transport of ions, particularly potassium or sodium, across cell membranes in the muscles.
The episodes of paralysis in FPP can vary in duration, from minutes to hours or even days, and can occur spontaneously or be triggered by specific factors such as physical activity, stress, or certain medications. During these episodes, affected individuals may experience muscle weakness, often starting in the legs and spreading to other parts of the body. The severity of the symptoms also varies among individuals, ranging from mild weakness to complete paralysis.
Apart from paralysis, individuals with FPP may also experience other symptoms like muscle pain, stiffness, numbness, or a tingling sensation. These episodes can occur periodically or be infrequent, and the frequency and intensity of the attacks can change over time.
Treatment options for FPP mainly revolve around preventing or minimizing the occurrence of episodes. This may involve the use of medications that help regulate the ion levels in the muscles, such as potassium supplements or diuretics. Lifestyle modifications such as avoiding triggers and managing stress are also recommended to reduce the frequency of episodes.
Overall, Familial Periodic Paralyses is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis, caused by mutations in genes involved in ion transport.
