The extrahepatic biliary system refers to a network of interconnected and vital structures located outside the liver that are responsible for the transportation and storage of bile. It includes the gallbladder, bile ducts, and various associated muscles and tissues.
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ situated beneath the liver. It receives bile, a yellowish-green fluid produced by the liver, which is then concentrated and stored until it is needed for digestion. When food enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the common bile duct.
The common bile duct is a tube-like structure that connects the gallbladder to the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. It carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, where it aids in the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. The common bile duct also receives bile from the liver through a smaller tube called the hepatic duct.
The hepatic ducts are two main ducts originating in the liver that collect bile produced by hepatocytes. They merge to form the common hepatic duct, which later joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.
The extrahepatic biliary system plays a crucial role in digestion and the elimination of waste products. Dysfunction or blockage of any of its components can lead to various conditions like gallstones, cholecystitis, or obstructive jaundice, which can result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice, and impaired digestion. Surgical interventions, such as cholecystectomy or biliary bypass procedures, are often required to address these issues.
