Extraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized cells found in the kidneys that play a crucial role in regulating renal functions. These cells are located outside the glomerulus, which is a network of small blood vessels responsible for filtering waste products from the blood into urine.
Extraglomerular mesangial cells are primarily found in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, a region located at the entry point of each nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. They are closely associated with the glomerulus and are involved in modulating the blood flow and filtration rate within the nephron.
These cells have several vital functions within the kidney. One of their major roles is to produce and secrete a hormone called renin. Renin plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining fluid balance in the body. Extraglomerular mesangial cells also interact with the macula densa, a specialized group of cells in the nephron, to regulate the release of renin.
Additionally, extraglomerular mesangial cells are involved in the immune response and inflammation processes within the kidney. They can release various chemical substances, such as cytokines and growth factors, that influence the activity of adjacent cells and contribute to the overall health and functionality of the kidney.
In summary, extraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized cells found in the kidneys that participate in hormonal regulation, blood pressure control, fluid balance, and immune response regulation. They are crucial components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and are essential for maintaining kidney function and overall homeostasis in the body.
