The European fire salamander, scientific name Salamandra salamandra, is a species of amphibian belonging to the family Salamandridae. It is native to various regions across Europe, including parts of North Africa.
This species is characterized by its distinctive appearance and coloration. It typically has a stout body with short limbs and a distinct tail. Adults can reach lengths between 15 and 25 centimeters. The European fire salamander displays a striking black body, adorned with contrasting yellow or orange markings along its back and sides. The coloration can vary slightly depending on the specific subspecies and geographic location.
These salamanders are often found in cool and damp habitats such as forests, woodland areas, and rocky terrain near water sources like streams or ponds. They are primarily nocturnal, spending their days hidden under rocks, logs, or in crevices. When the temperature drops and the humidity rises, they become more active, venturing out to forage for prey.
The European fire salamander is well-known for its unique defensive mechanism. When threatened or stressed, it secretes toxic substances from specialized glands located on its skin. These secretions contain various compounds, including alkaloids, which can cause skin irritation and are toxic to predators.
Breeding usually occurs in water bodies, with females laying eggs in aquatic environments. After hatching, the larvae undergo a metamorphosis, transitioning into adults. They primarily feed on invertebrates such as worms, insects, and mollusks.
While the European fire salamander is not classified as endangered, certain subspecies and populations may face threats due to habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.
