European Black Alder, scientifically known as Alnus glutinosa, is a deciduous tree species native to Europe. It belongs to the family Betulaceae and is commonly referred to as black alder, common alder, or European alder. This medium-sized tree typically grows up to 30 meters in height, with a broad, conical crown and a trunk diameter ranging between 1 and 1.5 meters.
The European Black Alder is characterized by its glossy, dark green leaves and distinctive blackish bark. Its leaves are ovate, serrated, and slightly sticky to the touch due to glandular hairs. The species is dioecious, meaning the male and female flowers are borne on separate trees. The male catkins are long and pendulous, while the female catkins are smaller and upright.
The European Black Alder thrives in wet and marshy environments and displays a remarkable tolerance to water-logged soils. It often plays a vital ecological role in wetland habitats, aiding in soil stabilization and serving as a pioneer species in ecological succession. The tree also has a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which enriches the soil with nutrients.
Utilized in various industries, the European Black Alder possesses valuable properties. Its wood, despite being relatively soft, is durable and resistant to rot when immersed in water. Consequently, it finds application in the construction of water-related structures, such as canal banks, sluices, and boat building. Additionally, the tree's bark and leaves have been historically employed in traditional medicine for their astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.
Overall, the European Black Alder stands as an important tree species within the European landscape, contributing to ecological stability, biodiversity, and the provision of valuable resources.
