Eskar is a noun that refers to a type of landform found in glaciated regions. It is typically a long, winding, and narrow ridge composed of sediment or debris left behind by a retreating or melting glacier. Eskars are usually formed in areas where the glacier was previously confined between valley walls or other natural obstructions.
These landforms are created through a unique geological process known as subglacial meltwater erosion or subglacial streaming. As the glacier melts and retreats, meltwater flowing beneath the ice picks up and transports sediment and debris from the glacier's base. Over time, this sediment accumulates in tunnels or channels within the ice, forming a subglacial drainage system. As the ice retreats further, the sediment-laden meltwater continues to flow, leaving behind a distinctive ridge once the glacier disappears completely.
Eskars can vary in length, height, and shape, often reaching several kilometers in length and tens of meters in height. They are characterized by their relatively straight, sinuous, and flat ridges with steep sides. Due to the distinct nature of their formation, eskars are commonly found in areas with a glacial history, such as Northern Europe, North America, and parts of Asia.
These landforms are of significant geological importance as they provide evidence of past glacial activities and can help in studying the history and behavior of glaciers. They also play a role in shaping the landscape, affecting drainage patterns, and providing unique habitats for vegetation and wildlife.
