Erythremia, also known as polycythemia vera, is a rare, chronic blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Derived from the Greek words "Erythro," meaning red, and "haima," meaning blood, erythremia is named for the excessive redness of the blood due to the high concentration of red blood cells.
In individuals with erythremia, the abnormal overproduction of red blood cells occurs as a result of a gene mutation that affects the signaling pathway responsible for regulating blood cell production. As a consequence, the bone marrow produces an elevated number of red blood cells, leading to a thickening of the blood and decreased flow through blood vessels. This thickened blood can cause a variety of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, fatigue, visual disturbances, and a reddish or purplish complexion.
While erythremia is often asymptomatic in its early stages, as the disease progresses, it can lead to serious complications such as blood clot formation, an increased risk of heart attack or stroke, and enlargement of the spleen or liver. Treatment for erythremia typically involves managing symptoms and decreasing the risk of complications through therapeutic phlebotomy (removal of blood), medication to reduce blood cell production, and occasionally, radiation or chemotherapy.
In summary, erythremia is a chronic blood disorder characterized by the excessive production of red blood cells, resulting in a thickened blood condition. It can lead to a range of symptoms and serious complications, necessitating medical intervention.
