Erythraemia, also known as erythrocytosis or polycythemia, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bloodstream. In a normal healthy individual, the body maintains a delicate balance between the production and destruction of red blood cells. However, in erythraemia, there is an overproduction of these cells, resulting in a higher than normal red blood cell count.
The increased number of red blood cells in erythraemia can lead to a thickening of the blood, impairing its ability to flow easily through the blood vessels. This can potentially cause a variety of symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and an increased risk of blood clots. In severe cases, erythraemia can also contribute to the development of conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, or pulmonary embolisms.
Erythraemia can occur as a primary disorder, often caused by mutations in genes involved in regulating red blood cell production. It can also be secondary to other underlying conditions, including chronic lung diseases, kidney tumors, or bone marrow disorders. Diagnosis of erythraemia involves a thorough evaluation of medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to determine the red blood cell count.
Treatment for erythraemia aims to reduce the excess red blood cells and manage associated symptoms. This may involve therapeutic phlebotomy, a procedure in which blood is removed from the body to decrease the red blood cell count. Medications, such as hydroxyurea, may be prescribed to help suppress the bone marrow's production of red blood cells. Regular monitoring is necessary to ensure the condition is well-managed and complications are detected early.
