Erwinase is a therapeutic agent used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is a brand name for a medication containing the enzyme asparaginase, which is derived from the bacteria Escherichia coli. Asparaginase belongs to a class of drugs known as antineoplastic agents, which work by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.
In individuals with ALL, cancerous cells often have high levels of the enzyme asparagine synthetase. Asparaginase works by breaking down asparagine, an amino acid essential for cancer cell growth. By depleting asparagine levels in the body, Erwinase inhibits the ability of cancer cells to survive and divide, ultimately leading to their death.
Erwinase is administered intramuscularly, meaning it is injected into the muscle, typically by a healthcare professional. The injection site is rotated to avoid tissue damage due to recurring injections. The dosage and frequency of Erwinase administration will vary depending on the individual's age, weight, and overall health, as well as the specific protocol determined by their healthcare team.
Like any medication, Erwinase may cause certain side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and allergic reactions. Regular monitoring of blood counts and liver function is required during treatment.
Erwinase, as an important component of combination chemotherapy regimens for ALL, has demonstrated efficacy in improving treatment outcomes and increasing the chance of remission in patients with this type of leukemia.
