The Eritrean War of Independence refers to a prolonged armed conflict involving the people of Eritrea and the government of Ethiopia, which took place from 1961 to 1991. It was fought with the objective of attaining independence for Eritrea, a region located in the northeast of Africa. The war resulted in the separation of Eritrea from Ethiopia and the establishment of Eritrea as an independent nation.
The conflict arose from long-standing grievances and a history of political and economic marginalization of Eritreans, which intensified during the rule of Emperor Haile Selassie and later under the communist regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam in Ethiopia. Eritrean rebels, led primarily by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), fought against Ethiopian forces in a guerrilla warfare style. The rebels employed both conventional and unconventional tactics, including hit-and-run attacks, ambushes, and sabotage.
Throughout the war, Eritrean rebels faced significant challenges due to Ethiopia's superior military strength, resources, and international support. Nevertheless, their determination, resilience, and support from the Eritrean population played crucial roles in their ultimate victory. The conflict resulted in substantial casualties and a significant displacement of people, causing social and economic disruptions in both Eritrea and Ethiopia.
The Eritrean War of Independence holds significant historical and political importance, symbolizing the struggle for self-determination and the pursuit of independence from oppressive regimes. It also highlights the resilience and determination of the Eritrean people throughout their struggle for autonomy, which has shaped the modern identity and nation of Eritrea.
