Equine coital exanthema virus, also known as equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3), is a contagious viral infection that affects horses and other equids. It belongs to the Herpesviridae family, specifically the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. The virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, which is why it is often referred to as the "venereal form of equine herpesvirus."
Equine coital exanthema virus predominantly manifests as a sexually transmitted disease that affects the reproductive organs of horses. Infected animals may exhibit symptoms such as the development of lesions, blisters, and ulcers on the external genitalia. Other clinical signs can include swelling, pain or discomfort during mating, and even infertility in some cases.
The virus can be transmitted both horizontally, between horses during breeding, and vertically, from the infected mare to her offspring. Although the disease primarily affects the reproductive system, there have been reports of respiratory symptoms and the virus being present in respiratory secretions.
Diagnosing equine coital exanthema virus involves a combination of clinical signs, serological tests, and laboratory isolation of the virus. Treatment is usually focused on supportive care, managing the symptoms, and preventing secondary bacterial infections. Infected animals should be isolated to prevent further spread of the virus.
Prevention and control of equine coital exanthema virus mainly rely on practicing good biosecurity measures, especially during breeding activities. Vaccination against other forms of equine herpesvirus, like EHV-1 and EHV-4, might also provide some level of cross-protection against EHV-3.
