Epstein-Barr syndrome, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) syndrome or infectious mononucleosis, is a common viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It is typically characterized by fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and extreme fatigue. Epstein-Barr syndrome primarily affects adolescents and young adults, but it can occur at any age.
The Epstein-Barr virus belongs to the herpesvirus family and is primarily transmitted through saliva, hence the term "kissing disease" for infectious mononucleosis due to its association with close contact. Once infected, the virus can remain dormant in the body for the rest of the person's life and may reactivate, leading to recurrent symptoms or potential transmission to others.
The main symptoms of Epstein-Barr syndrome include severe fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and malaise. Some individuals may also experience other symptoms such as headache, body aches, rash, enlarged spleen, and liver dysfunction. The symptoms usually last for several weeks, and complete recovery can take months.
To diagnose Epstein-Barr syndrome, doctors often rely on physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as the detection of specific antibodies in the bloodstream. Treatment usually focuses on managing symptoms through rest, pain relievers, and fluids, as well as avoiding contact sports or activities that could harm the enlarged spleen. Antibiotics are generally not prescribed as the disease is caused by a virus, and the complications are rare.
Overall, Epstein-Barr syndrome is a viral infection that primarily affects adolescents and young adults, causing symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and extreme fatigue.
