Epityphlon is a term used in the field of classical architecture to describe a specific element found in ancient Greek and Roman temples. The word originates from the Greek language, where "epi" means "upon" and "typhlon" refers to a molding or band. Together, "epityphlon" refers to a decorative band or frieze that is placed above the architrave, which is the lowermost division of the entablature.
Typically, the epityphlon is situated between the architrave and the cornice, which is the uppermost part of the entablature. It serves as an aesthetically pleasing transition between these two elements. The epityphlon can be horizontally oriented and may be decorated with intricate carvings, motifs, or even inscriptions, depending on the design of the temple.
In ancient Greek architecture, the epityphlon was commonly used in Doric order temples, lending a refined and decorative touch to the overall structure. In Roman architecture, it was more prevalent in Corinthian and Composite order temples, often featuring elaborate designs that added to the grandeur of the building.
The purpose of the epityphlon was primarily ornamental. It provided an additional level of detail and complexity to the entablature, enhancing the visual appeal of the temple. The precise design and style of the epityphlon varied across different time periods and regions, reflecting the evolving tastes and architectural trends of classical antiquity.
Today, the term "epityphlon" primarily finds utility in the realm of classical architecture and its study, serving as a descriptive term for this particular decorative band found in ancient Greek and Roman temples.
