Enterobius vermicularis infection, also known as pinworm infection or enterobiasis, is a common parasitic infestation caused by the roundworm Enterobius vermicularis. It is primarily found in children and is highly contagious. The infection occurs worldwide, but it is more prevalent in crowded conditions such as schools and institutions.
The life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis involves adult female worms laying eggs on the perianal skin. The eggs are then transmitted to the environment, primarily through scratching and poor hygiene practices. Infected individuals usually experience itching and discomfort around the anus, especially at night, as the female worms migrate outside the anus to lay their eggs. This itching may lead to disturbed sleep and subsequent irritability.
The infection is typically diagnosed by observing the eggs under a microscope, which can be collected using a technique called the "sticky tape test" or by swabbing the perianal region. Treatment often involves the administration of anthelmintic drugs, such as mebendazole or albendazole, to eliminate the adult worms and prevent reinfestation.
Prevention and control measures include maintaining good personal hygiene practices such as regular handwashing, wearing clean underwear, and keeping fingernails short. Changing and washing bedding frequently, along with regular vacuuming, can help prevent reinfection. It is essential to treat all household members simultaneously to prevent the spread of infection within the family or community.
Prompt treatment, combined with proper hygiene practices, can effectively eradicate Enterobius vermicularis infection and prevent complications such as urinary tract infections, appendicitis, or recurrent vaginal infections, which can occasionally develop in severe cases.
