Endometrial stromal sarcomas are a rare type of cancer that predominantly affects the tissues and cells of the uterus in females. These tumors arise from the stromal or connective tissue cells of the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus. Endometrial stromal sarcomas account for only a small percentage of all uterine cancers, approximately 0.2-1% of all cases.
The term "sarcoma" refers to a malignant tumor that originates from the mesenchyme, the embryonic connective tissue. Endometrial stromal sarcomas are characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells within the connective tissue of the endometrium. These tumors can invade and infiltrate nearby structures and, in some cases, may spread (metastasize) to distant organs such as the lungs or bones.
Endometrial stromal sarcomas commonly present with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, or a palpable mass in the pelvic area. They are more commonly diagnosed in premenopausal women, typically between the ages of 40 and 60.
Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, which may include a hysterectomy and removal of both ovaries. In some cases, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy may be recommended to target any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
The prognosis for endometrial stromal sarcomas varies depending on various factors, such as the stage of the cancer, age of the patient, and the presence of spread to other organs. Early detection and appropriate treatment can greatly improve outcomes for individuals with this rare cancer.
