Encephalitis Lethargica Type Parkinsonism, also known as post-encephalitic parkinsonism or von Economo's disease, is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by the onset of Parkinsonism symptoms following an episode of encephalitis lethargica.
Encephalitis Lethargica is an inflammatory condition of the brain that was prevalent during the early 20th century, particularly during the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919. Although the exact cause of encephalitis lethargica remains unknown, it is believed to be caused by a viral infection. It primarily affected children and young adults.
Encephalitis Lethargica Type Parkinsonism typically manifests with a wide range of symptoms, including muscle stiffness, tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), postural instability, and cognitive impairment. Some individuals may also experience abnormal eye movements, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and autonomic dysfunction. The severity and progression of symptoms can vary, with some patients experiencing a relatively stable course while others may develop severe motor and cognitive impairments.
The pathophysiology underlying Encephalitis Lethargica Type Parkinsonism is not fully understood. It is thought that the inflammation caused by the initial viral infection affects several areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra, which leads to a reduction in dopamine production and subsequent Parkinsonism symptoms.
Treatment for Encephalitis Lethargica Type Parkinsonism primarily focuses on managing symptoms. Pharmacological interventions such as dopamine-replacement therapy with levodopa, dopamine agonists, and other medications may be used to alleviate motor symptoms. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy may also be beneficial in improving functional abilities and quality of life for individuals with
