Edema is a medical term that refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body, leading to swelling or enlargement of affected tissues. It is commonly associated with a variety of medical conditions and can occur in various parts of the body, such as the hands, feet, ankles, legs, lungs, or abdomen.
The main characteristic of edema is the noticeable physical swelling caused by the excessive build-up of fluid. This fluid accumulation occurs when there is an imbalance in the normal fluid regulation processes of the body, such as increased capillary permeability, impaired venous drainage, or decreased lymphatic flow. Edema can be localized, affecting a specific area, or generalized, involving multiple body regions.
There are numerous causes of edema, including heart failure, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, venous insufficiency, lymphatic obstruction, certain medications, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation. Depending on the underlying cause, additional symptoms may accompany edema, such as shortness of breath, abdominal distension, weight gain, or skin changes.
To diagnose edema, healthcare professionals may perform a physical examination, review medical history, and conduct various diagnostic tests like blood tests, imaging studies, or urine analysis. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause and manage the fluid accumulation. It may include lifestyle modifications, medications to reduce fluid retention, compression therapy, or surgical interventions in severe cases.
In summary, edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues, causing swelling. It can arise from multiple factors and requires a comprehensive evaluation for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
