Ecthyma contagiosum virus, also known as Orf virus or contagious pustular dermatitis, is a DNA virus belonging to the Parapoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family. It primarily affects sheep, goats, and other ruminants, causing a contagious skin disease characterized by pustular lesions.
The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated objects such as bedding or feed. After entry into the body, it replicates within the skin cells, leading to the development of painful, raised, and fluid-filled pustules. These pustules eventually form crusts or scabs, which may persist for several weeks before healing.
Ecthyma contagiosum virus generally causes lesions on the lips, mouth, face, and limbs, though it can also affect other areas of the body. In rare cases, the infection can spread to humans through contact with infected animals, leading to localized lesions on the fingers, hands, or arms. The condition is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own without treatment, although it can be more severe and persistent in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Prevention of Ecthyma contagiosum virus primarily involves good hygiene and biosecurity practices, such as proper handwashing and disinfection of equipment used on infected animals. Vaccination can also be effective in reducing the risk of infection in susceptible animals.
Overall, Ecthyma contagiosum virus is a highly contagious virus that causes pustular dermatitis in various ruminants, including sheep and goats, and can rarely infect humans through direct contact.
