Ecchymosis is a medical term that refers to the formation of a bruise on the skin or mucous membranes, resulting from the leakage of blood into the surrounding tissues. It is characterized by the discoloration of the affected area, usually presenting as a purple, green, or blue patch.
The development of ecchymosis occurs when small blood vessels, called capillaries, rupture due to trauma or injury. Blood then escapes from these vessels, spreading underneath the skin or mucous membranes, causing the characteristic discoloration. This discoloration initially appears red, due to the presence of oxygenated blood, but gradually changes color as the blood breaks down.
Ecchymosis can occur in any area of the body that has blood vessels close to the surface, including the skin, inner linings of the mouth, eyelids, or other body parts. The extent and size of the ecchymotic area may vary depending on the severity of the trauma or injury.
While ecchymosis itself is not typically a serious condition, as it normally resolves on its own over time, its presence may indicate an underlying issue, such as a bleeding disorder or excessive trauma. Therefore, it is important to monitor any large or unexplained ecchymotic areas, seek medical attention if necessary, and address the underlying cause.
In summary, ecchymosis refers to the discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by the leakage of blood from ruptured blood vessels, typically due to trauma or injury.
