Ecchymose is a term derived from the Greek word "ekchymosis," meaning "to pour out, to effuse." It refers to a medical condition characterized by the discoloration of the skin caused by the extravasation or bleeding of blood into the subcutaneous tissues. Ecchymoses typically manifest as small, non-raised, purplish spots on the surface of the skin, commonly known as bruises.
These discolored patches occur due to the rupture of blood vessels, usually capillaries, resulting from various underlying causes. Common causes of ecchymoses include trauma, such as a blunt force impact or injury, as well as certain medical conditions, including clotting disorders, liver disease, or even medication-induced bleeding tendencies. Additionally, age-related issues, such as senile purpura or fragile blood vessels in the elderly, may also contribute to the occurrence of ecchymoses.
Ecchymoses are distinct from other types of skin lesions because they do not typically involve raised or palpable skin elevations or distinct borders. The discoloration is initially bluish or purplish, indicative of the accumulation of blood beneath the skin. As the ecchymosis heals, the color changes to greenish, yellowish, or brownish hues, signifying the degradation and reabsorption of the blood components by the body.
In medical practice, identifying and evaluating ecchymoses can aid in diagnosing underlying conditions or assessing the severity of injuries. Physicians often examine the size, distribution, and appearance of ecchymoses to determine the possible cause and associated complications. Additionally, monitoring any changes in the frequency or pattern of ecchymoses can contribute to the overall assessment of an individual's health status.
