The Dominion of Newfoundland refers to a historical political entity that existed from 1907 to 1949. It was a self-governing colony of the British Empire situated on the eastern coast of the North American continent. Spanning approximately 111,000 square kilometers, the Dominion of Newfoundland included the island of Newfoundland as well as mainland Labrador.
The Dominion of Newfoundland emerged after its separation from the Colony of Newfoundland in 1907, granting it greater autonomy and self-governance. Although still considered a British possession, the Dominion had its own government, led by a premier, and had the authority to pass its legislation.
Economically, the Dominion of Newfoundland primarily relied on industries such as fishing, mining, and forestry. Its abundant natural resources, particularly the prolific fishing grounds surrounding the island, contributed significantly to its prosperity.
However, the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s severely impacted Newfoundland's economy. The Dominion accumulated significant debt and encountered financial difficulties, leading to it relinquishing self-governance in 1934 and coming under direct British control. This marked a period known as the Commission of Government, during which an appointed commission ruled the Dominion until its dissolution.
Ultimately, in 1949, the Dominion of Newfoundland ceased to exist as it joined the Canadian Confederation, becoming the tenth province of Canada. This transition was the result of a referendum where the majority of Newfoundlanders voted to relinquish their separate dominion status and become part of Canada.
