Dolichos biflorus, commonly known as horse gram, is a perennial legume plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is an important and widely cultivated food crop in tropical regions, particularly in India, where it holds a significant position in the diet and traditional medicine of various communities.
The plant grows up to a height of one to two meters, with long and climbing stems that bear alternate, trifoliate leaves. The flowers of Dolichos biflorus are small and develop in pairs, giving rise to its specific epithet "biflorus," meaning "two flowers." The blossoms are typically white or yellow, growing in clusters at the end of long pedicels.
The seeds of Dolichos biflorus are the main culinary and medicinal part of the plant. They are small, cylindrical, and generally dark brown or black in color. Horse gram seeds have a nutty flavor and are commonly used in the preparation of various traditional dishes, such as soups, curries, and stews.
In addition to its culinary uses, Dolichos biflorus has several medicinal properties. The seeds are believed to possess diuretic, antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant properties, making them beneficial for managing various health conditions, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. The plant also contains bioactive compounds like phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which contribute to its therapeutic potential.
Overall, Dolichos biflorus is an important legume plant that serves as a valuable food source and possesses various health benefits, making it an essential component of traditional diets and alternative medicine practices in many regions.
