DNA TOPOISOMERASE Meaning and
Definition
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DNA topoisomerase refers to a class of enzymes that play a crucial role in regulating the structure and function of DNA molecules. These enzymes are responsible for manipulating the topological state of DNA by either introducing or removing twists and knots in the DNA helix. Such modifications are necessary for a variety of cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromosome condensation during cell division.
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes achieve their function by temporarily breaking one or both strands of the DNA double helix, allowing them to untangle, unwind, or rejoin the strands. There are two major types of DNA topoisomerases: topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II, each with distinct mechanisms of action.
Topoisomerase I enzymes break a single strand of DNA, allowing it to rotate freely around the unbroken strand to relieve supercoiling or to separate intertwined DNA molecules. In contrast, topoisomerase II enzymes break and pass both strands of DNA through one another, facilitating the decatenation of replicated chromosomes and untangling of DNA molecules. The breakage and rejoining of DNA strands by these enzymes occur via transient covalent attachments with the DNA, forming a cleavage complex.
Given its essential involvement in DNA processing, DNA topoisomerase is a significant target of several antineoplastic and antibacterial drugs that aim to inhibit its activity and disrupt DNA metabolism. The study of these enzymes has provided valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms of DNA organization and dynamics in cells.
Common Misspellings for DNA TOPOISOMERASE
- sna topoisomerase
- xna topoisomerase
- cna topoisomerase
- fna topoisomerase
- rna topoisomerase
- ena topoisomerase
- dba topoisomerase
- dma topoisomerase
- dja topoisomerase
- dha topoisomerase
- dnz topoisomerase
- dns topoisomerase
- dnw topoisomerase
- dnq topoisomerase
- dna ropoisomerase
- dna fopoisomerase
- dna gopoisomerase
- dna yopoisomerase
- dna 6opoisomerase
- dna 5opoisomerase
Etymology of DNA TOPOISOMERASE
The word "DNA topoisomerase" is derived from three main components: DNA, topo-, and -isomerase.
1. DNA: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms.
2. Topo-: The prefix "topo-" comes from the Greek word "topos", which means place or position. In scientific terms, "topo-" is used to describe something related to spatial arrangement or structure.
3. -Isomerase: The suffix "-isomerase" is derived from the Greek word "isos", which means equal or same. In biochemistry, "isomerases" are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of one molecule into its isomer (a molecule with the same chemical formula but a different structural arrangement).
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