DNA FINGERPRINTING Meaning and
Definition
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DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting, is a forensic technique used to identify and analyze an individual's unique genetic makeup. It involves the examination of specific regions of DNA, known as genetic markers, to create a distinctive pattern that is different for each person, except identical twins. This pattern is similar to the concept of human fingerprints, as it helps in distinguishing one individual from another.
The process of DNA fingerprinting begins by extracting DNA samples from various bodily sources, such as blood, hair, saliva, or semen. These samples are then subjected to techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific regions of DNA. After amplification, the DNA fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis, which sorts the fragments based on their sizes and charges.
To analyze the DNA patterns, special radioactive or fluorescent probes are used, which bind to the DNA fragments. These fragments are then visualized and compared, typically through autoradiography or fluorescent scanning, resulting in a unique pattern known as a DNA fingerprint. This pattern is highly specific to an individual and can be used for different purposes, such as identifying perpetrators in criminal investigations, determining paternity or maternity, establishing genetic relationships among individuals, and solving missing person cases.
DNA fingerprinting has revolutionized the field of forensic science, providing an accurate and reliable method for identifying individuals. Its applications extend beyond the field of law enforcement, as it has also been utilized in medical research, archeology, and evolutionary biology, among others. DNA fingerprinting plays a crucial role in ensuring justice, resolving familial disputes, and shedding light on human ancestry and genetic diversity.
Common Misspellings for DNA FINGERPRINTING
- sna fingerprinting
- xna fingerprinting
- cna fingerprinting
- fna fingerprinting
- rna fingerprinting
- ena fingerprinting
- dba fingerprinting
- dma fingerprinting
- dja fingerprinting
- dha fingerprinting
- dnz fingerprinting
- dns fingerprinting
- dnw fingerprinting
- dnq fingerprinting
- dna dingerprinting
- dna cingerprinting
- dna vingerprinting
- dna gingerprinting
- dna tingerprinting
- dna ringerprinting
Etymology of DNA FINGERPRINTING
The word "DNA fingerprinting" is a compound term consisting of "DNA" and "fingerprinting", each with its own etymology.
1. DNA: The term "DNA" stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a nucleic acid found in cells. The abbreviation was coined in 1952 by the scientist James D. Watson, who along with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA. The abbreviation "DNA" was derived from the chemical components of the molecule: deoxyribose sugars and nucleic acids.
2. Fingerprinting: The term "fingerprinting" refers to the process of identifying individuals based on unique patterns present on their fingertips. It derives from the earlier practice of using ink impressions of fingertips to identify people, as each person has a unique pattern of ridges and furrows on their fingertips.
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