DNA FINGERPRINT Meaning and
Definition
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A DNA fingerprint, also known as a genetic fingerprint or DNA profiling, is a unique pattern of specific DNA sequences that an individual possesses. It is a forensic tool used for identification purposes and determining biological relatedness between individuals.
The technique of DNA fingerprinting involves analyzing sections of an individual's DNA, known as DNA markers or polymorphic regions. These regions contain repetitive sequences or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) that vary between individuals but are inherited from parents. The process begins with obtaining a DNA sample, often through blood, saliva, or hair follicles. The DNA is then isolated and amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to create millions of copies of the DNA markers.
Next, the amplified DNA is separated based on size using gel electrophoresis, creating a distinctive pattern of bands known as a DNA profile or fingerprint. These bands represent the different alleles or variants of the DNA markers that an individual possesses. The resulting DNA fingerprint is highly unique to an individual, except in the case of identical twins who share the same genetic material.
DNA fingerprinting is widely used in forensic science to solve criminal cases, establish paternity, identify human remains, and resolve disputes regarding biological relationships. It plays a crucial role in determining guilt or innocence in criminal investigations and is admissible as evidence in court. The accuracy and reliability of DNA fingerprinting make it a fundamental tool for modern forensic science and genetics research.
Common Misspellings for DNA FINGERPRINT
- sna fingerprint
- xna fingerprint
- cna fingerprint
- fna fingerprint
- rna fingerprint
- ena fingerprint
- dba fingerprint
- dma fingerprint
- dja fingerprint
- dha fingerprint
- dnz fingerprint
- dns fingerprint
- dnw fingerprint
- dnq fingerprint
- dna dingerprint
- dna cingerprint
- dna vingerprint
- dna gingerprint
- dna tingerprint
- dna ringerprint
Etymology of DNA FINGERPRINT
The word "DNA fingerprint" is derived from two different sources.
First, "DNA" stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The term "DNA" was coined by Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher in 1869.
Second, "fingerprint" refers to the unique and distinct patterns of ridges and valleys on the fingertips that are used for identification purposes. The term "fingerprint" originated from the combination of the Latin words "digitus" meaning "finger" and "imprimere" meaning "imprint or impress".
The combination of these two terms resulted in the term "DNA fingerprint", which refers to a unique DNA pattern or profile specific to an individual, much like the uniqueness of a person's fingerprint.
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